Comparison between Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis occurs when the nucleus DNA is halved and doubled for purposes of creating new cells that have the required DNA. Meiosis on the other hand creates gametes that have half of DNA complement and the behavior of chromosome is predictable.

What is mitosis?

This is described as the process that makes equal partitioning of chromosomes that are replicated in 2 identical groups. Before the portioning starts, the chromosomes first align with each other so the separation process can commence in a manner that is organized.

This is often seen in eukaryotic cells. To achieve the appropriate division state, the chromosomes should interact with microtubules which are filamentous proteinaceous structures. The microtubules organize into bi-conical structures known as spindle and this occurs at the early processes of mitosis.

What is meiosis?

This is cell division that leads to formation of something small. During the process, diploid eukaryotic cell begins to divide into quadrants that are of equal sizes referred to as haploid cells. Often they are known as gametes and the amount of chromosomes that are found in gametes formed from diploids decrease when compared to parent diploid cells.

• Reproduction-In terms of reproduction, meiosis is a sexual process while mitosis is asexual.
• Crossing over-During meiosis, it is usual for a mixing of chromosomes to occur while on cases of mitosis, there is no crossing over.
• Daughter cells produced-Meiosis provided four haploid cells while meiosis only provides 2 diploid cells.
• Chromosome number-In meiosis, the number if reduced by half while in mitosis it remains the same.
• Function-Meiosis is sexual reproduction while mitosis is for cellular reproduction, body repair and general growth of the body.
• Homologs pairing- There is homolog pairing in meiosis while none exists in mitosis.
• Meiosis often occurs in plants, humans, fungi and animals only while mitosis occurs in all organisms.
• Steps-Steps followed in meiosis include Interphase, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and finally Telophase II. On the other hand, the steps for mitosis include Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis.

Mitosis is a reproduction technique for single cell organisms reproducing asexually. In this case, identical versions of organisms are created through cell splitting into two. Meiosis can result to millions of egg cells and spermatozoa with genetic patterns that are unique.

Mating of 2 cells in meiosis results to creation of unique genetic offspring that is of a similar species and it is a major contributor in natural selection, evolution as well as biodiversity. Cellular division processes in meiosis and mitosis are present in all life forms and this includes fungi, humans, plants, single celled species and organisms as well as animals.

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