Introduction
Nurses are fundamental professionals who are pillars in health promotion programs.
Achieving quality of care is necessary to lower mortality and morbidity rates (Jackson, 2022).
The Ottawa Charter initiated Health promotion that aims at upgrading health at the community
level. It is also critical is shortening hospitalization and lowering the hospital bills that usually
have a significant impact on the clients. Patient-centered practice is emphasized in nursing scope
considering healthy policies, strengthening the community action, and establishing dependable
healthy environments. Nurses educate their clients on the healthy lifestyles that they should
practice and ensure that chronic illnesses such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, and Obesity
are prevented. Health promotion utilizes enabling, intervening, and advocating for quality health
care (Otto, Bischoff & Wollesen, 2019). Principles used in the health promotion strategy are
autonomy, health maximization, beneficence, and justice. Interprofessional cooperation among
nurses and other health care providers is vital in achieving a high level of wellness within the
community. Developing health promotion, planning and implementation of the seminar, and
diverse nurse roles within the different community groups are collaborative considerations to
ensure quality healthcare achievement.
Developing Health Promotion Plan
Operation Elaboration
The primary goal in health promotion is simply the enlightenment of the community
members to understand its contribution and control over their health at the individual level.
Significant risks that are the etiology of common illnesses are usually discussed, and the
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community is made aware of the possible preventive measures, which is generally a primary
prevention approach. Nurses prioritize the community's well-being and aim at collaborating with
their members to achieve their goals (Otto, Bischoff & Wollesen, 2019). Standard preventive
measures that the nurses emphasize as health promotion strategies include physical exercises,
proper and well-balanced diet, and vaccinations. Health services are made available to the
community's population, ensuring equity, social justice, and utilization of the local resources at
the community level to attain wellness.
Empowering people to make correct choices is based on the community's primary health
concern. In areas where diet-related diseases such as marasmus or malnutrition are common, the
nurses should focus on the chief etiology of the illnesses and guide the community on the need to
upgrade their nutrition. Effective shifts in health should be offered at primary, secondary, or
tertiary levels (Otto, Bischoff & Wollesen, 2019). Health promotion is intertwined within the
social determinants, and planning should be centered on the community's practices.
Scope of Practice
Health promotion involves discouragement of unhealthy risky behaviors that will lead to
diseases. It advocates and addresses the possible nursing interventions that should be emphasized
to achieve quality health by eradicating drug and substance abuse, physical inactivity, and
polypharmacy that is lethal to the community's health. Nurses encourage the non-
pharmacological approach when dealing with minor cases, and the options include acupuncture
and psychological interventions (Kurnia, Amatayakul & Karuncharernpanit, 2017). The process
enables the nurses to efficiently tackle the nutritional disequilibrium and ensure that the
community consumes natural foods with quality dietary combinations that are safe for their
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health. Nurses provide that the population is educated on the nutritional requirements based on
the components, quantity, and proportions for better health.
Health promotion involves enhancing mental health, which is emphasized on
intersectoral collaboration. Necessary interventions are adhered to based on the professional
nursing practice, which consists in constructing a nurse-patient relationship, providing proper
health care, and evaluating progress. Promoting a safe sexual life is necessary at the community
level; elaborating on the family planning services and emphasizing healthy reproductive living is
necessary (Jackson, 2022). Tackling domestic violence is emphasized when nurses empower the
community through preventive strategies and possible treatment regimens to achieve wellness.
Support Mechanisms
Health promotion employs various mechanisms to strengthen its ability to achieve
wellness in community settings. Individuals within the community are affected by a spectrum of
health challenges, and therefore multisector partnerships are considered. Health promotion aims
at upgrading the health status of the general population in the community, and therefore it is
necessary to view all the possible health challenges. Community nurses should promote health in
the community through allocating equal emphasis on each sector (Kurnia, Amatayakul &
Karuncharernpanit, 2017). Health promotion is achieved through educational strategies and
thoughtful communication approaches—the community nurse targets shifting the members'
lifestyles that should remain healthy. For example, obese individuals require regular exercise
patterns and nutritional monitoring.
The nurses are responsible for mobilizing the community to adhere to specific behaviors
that will significantly contribute to health. The environment is a critical factor in health
promotion based on the interactions, culture, geographical, and climate factors that shape
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community members' living. Reorienting health services is essential during health promotion,
and therefore it is the responsibility of the health practitioners to practice healthy behaviors they
emphasize on the public (Jackson, 2022). Care models are linked with community-dominated
behaviors that determine the possible options for health promotion. The public is educated on the
risks associated with unhealthy practices and possible interventions implemented by the
community nurses whose success depends on the community's support.
Constructing Health Promotion Program and Models
Health Promotion Model
Different health promotion models are employed, which the community nurses utilize to
achieve wellness at the community level. Health Promotion Model is categorized based on its
amplification that involves individuals' experiences and relations on health (Kurnia, Amatayakul
& Karuncharernpanit, 2017). This theory emphasizes the lifestyles, psychology, and culture that
will determine the possible decisions made by the community. Child obesity involves physical
inactiveness and high cholesterol consumption. Culture, where alcohol and smoking are
prohibited, is likely associated with better health levels, and therefore nurses should be aware of
the community's background. Some communities are less conversant with vegetable taking,
which is associated with obesity within the population.
Health Belief Model
Health is affected by individual beliefs, and therefore community nurses consider this
model as they plan their goals for health promotion. The community usually has different
perceptions of the outlined medical interventions. For instance, encouraging children to engage
in active activities can be amplified by the community's belief that children are young and
energized; therefore, the intervention is supported. However, suppose some foods such as junk
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foods are restricted for children. In that case, the family could oppose the intervention since it
beliefs that it is healthy, cultural, and a reward mechanism for learning. The community nurses
should address the opinions on healthcare by basing their arguments on scientific evidence
(Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2020). Health professionals and nurses should appreciate and respect
the community's beliefs to target the health promotion strategy.
Diffusion of Innovation Theory
The theory is concentrated on the dissemination of health behavior that has been
encouraged by the community nurses. The professional is concerned about how quickly the
community will adjust to the new healthy behavior. In the case of obesity, the nurse should plan
the adoption technique for new behavior that will lower the child's body cholesterol levels. The
community is educated on the benefits of raising children in safe ways and reducing the causes
of obesity. Social systems, communication skills, and time appropriateness determine the
possibility of adjusting to better healthy behaviors (Mohammadi, Poursaberi & Salahshoor,
2018). The community nurse should employ the most appropriate methods to achieve the
behavioral shift within the shortest period, involving close monitoring of their clients.
Transtheoretical Theory
When the community nurse clarifies the possible nursing interventions to the obese
patient, it usually takes some time to initiate the behavioral change. The nurse educates the
community on the possible solutions that will prevent obesity. It involves adjusting their health
knowledge, culture and balancing between the risks and benefits (Karami Daranjani, Panah &
Kharazmi, 2017). Precontemplation is the initial phase in which obese children are aware of their
medical condition, possible treatment, and prevention strategies but unconvinced on the nursing
interventions presented. Contemplation is the next stage which involves planning to act on the
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provided interventions. The preparation stage consists of a course of action with emphasis on the
goals stated by the community nurse. The client takes effort and initiates a routine on the plan or
maintains the new behavior. Termination marks the evaluation of the process, and the patient is
confirmed to have fully adjusted to the new behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory
Community nurses rely on this theory for it clarifies the influence of individuals'
behaviors, environment, and expectations within the community members. The idea is widely
used in facilitating behavioral changes through reinforcements and various components such as
self-efficacy. Parents are obliged to control the health patterns of their children by educating and
guiding them on healthy practices. Self-control is emphasized in behavioral shifts, and the
individuals' capability is prioritized (Usher & Schunk, 2018). Obesity in children can be
prevented through reinforcements and observation learning strategies. Expectations for the
correct behavior should be outlined to motivate the shifts. Environmental settings are a
prominent pillar within this theory that determines whether the changes will be achieved.
Community nurse has the duty of ensuring that the community's environment is friendly for
behavior modifications.
Conclusion
Nurses utilize various approaches to achieving health promotion, including behavioral
change, education, medical and community shifts in their cultural practices and perceptions.
Nurses should adhere to their scope of practice and reflect on the different health models in their
nursing practice.
8
References
Jackson, A. (2022). The principles of health promotion. Health Promotion for Nursing
Associates, 5.
Karami Daranjani, S., Panah, Y., & Kharazmi, E. (2017). The effect of health education program
based on Transtheoretical model on the promotion of physical activity among children of
patients with hypertension and diabetes. J Health, 8(4), 394-407.
Kurnia, A. D., Amatayakul, A., & Karuncharernpanit, S. (2017). Predictors of diabetes self-
management among people with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia: Application theory of the
health promotion model. International journal of nursing sciences, 4(3), 260-265.
Mohammadi, M. M., Poursaberi, R., & Salahshoor, M. R. (2018). Evaluating the adoption of
evidence-based practice using Rogers’s diffusion of innovation theory: a model testing
study. Health promotion perspectives, 8(1), 25.
Otto, A. K., Bischoff, L. L., & Wollesen, B. (2019). Work-Related burdens and requirements for
health promotion programs for nursing staff in different care settings: a cross-sectional
study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(19), 3586.
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive
theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832.
Usher, E. L., & Schunk, D. H. (2018). The social cognitive theoretical perspective of self-
regulation.
9
Question Two
Health Promotion in Childhood Obesity in Community Nursing
Introduction
Overweight and obese children have continued to drastically increase in the U.S.A in
recent years (Tsai et al., 2017). It is alarming that some parents are not aware that their children
are obese, and they remain unknown to the potential health interventions. Community health
nurses are critical health professionals who ensure that Obesity and overweight in children are
prevented. Presenting the factual information regarding the patient might be uncomfortable to the
nurse. However, the professional should prioritize their duties, especially being an advocate, and
ensure that they provide the possible interventions. Nurses find it hard to educate parents about
their children's obese condition since some guardians or parents have the same conditions, and it
appears as if they are criticizing the same parents. Community nurses are responsible for
promoting health among the pediatric population and should construct nursing care plans for
their clients. The nurses require to collaborate with the family of the affected children for better
outcomes (Tsai et al., 2017). The family needs to employ specific interventions that the nurse
instructs the parents in preventing or managing Obesity for obese children. Health promotion for
the population includes healthy lifestyles, supportive parenting, behavioral modifications,
screening and early detection, motivational interviewing, and weight loss programs.
Healthy Lifestyles
Community nurses focus on establishing healthier food choices in families that will
prevent the development of childhood obesity. The nurse educates the parents on the nutritious
diets children should be provided with for healthy growth and development. Community nurses
emphasize maximum nutrition involving low-sugar cereals, fruits, fresh vegetables, and low-
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cholesterol foodstuffs where polyunsaturated fats lower the risk of the condition. Children should
avoid juices with vast amounts of calories and plan on snack consumption to prevent overfeeding
the population. Community Nurses should educate parents on using the Food Guide Pyramid to
monitor the healthy food portions for their children. Community nurses reveal to the parents the
management of food intake for their children and close monitoring of their weight and average
food they take per meal (Mageloff, 2019).
Regular physical exercises are very critical to growing children. Such activities include
cycling, nature walks with their parents, swimming, and jumping in puddles. Parents should
reduce the amount of time their children watch television programs and other sedentary activities
such as sleeping when off-school. Community nurses should elaborate on the parents' available
healthy activities that they will engage their children in. Parents should always collaborate with
the nurses, follow keenly on the health education, and question the nurses for clarifications (Tsai
et al., 2017). Healthy lifestyles are a chief health promotion strategy in childhood obesity utilized
by community nurses and is a brilliant remedy.
Supportive Parenting
Parents are critical stakeholders in achieving health for their children. They are their
primary providers, monitor their behaviors, and spend more time with them. Nurses should
emphasize supportive parenting to facilitate the program. Parents are paramount in establishing a
healthy home where they are supposed to determine and model healthy behaviors among their
children (Mageloff, 2019). Community Nurses clarify that parents are responsible in the different
stages of development for the children. During gestation and infancy, community nurses should
screen pregnant mothers on diabetes and its management to avoid developing metabolic
abnormalities among the children. Nurses should educate the lactating mothers on the average
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breastfeeding or bottle-feeding episodes. The formulas should not be concentrated with energy
and nutrients that would affect the infant's satiety in the future and contribute to overweight.
Toddlers and Preschool children have taste predispositions that nurses inform the parents
to be careful with, such as energy-dense food. Fortunately, community nurses employ exposure
and repeated experiences to shape healthy meals for children where parents are indirectly
involved. Parental control attempts model their children's demand for various meals. Community
nurses encourage the parents to be involved in physical activities that will motivate their children
to participate, especially in their early childhood (Helseth et al., 2017). Childhood obesity will be
avoided when parents are role models in enjoying exercises which their children will learn.
Community Health Nurses (CHN) ensure that parents know the kind of meals to feed their
children at specific developmental stages; parents should increase energy-rich meals in the
adolescent stage. CHN should encourage parents to avoid biases toward their children, and
stigmatization within the population should be avoided.
Behavioral Modifications
Constructing behavioral interventions for children is critical for healthy children's
growth. Certain behaviors are good and prevent Obesity and overweight in children. Classical
conditioning is the prioritized principle that includes cues in childhood to prevent Obesity.
Cognitive therapy is intertwined with the behavior shifts whereby children's expressions are
responded to with respect (Whitehead et al., 2021). For example, a child might have negative
thoughts when they take little food when their parents emphasize more food. CHN utilizes this
goal-oriented intervention. It uses the SMART approach for specific, measurable, achievable,
realistic, and time-bound. Parents should, for an instant, clarify the management strategies for
Obesity in their children and provide preventive measures.
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The modifications are process-oriented since it is impossible to change to new behavior
abruptly. Therefore the population involved is given time to adjust to healthy behaviors to reduce
obesity cases. CHN can help parents identify the possible causes of Obesity in their children
based on the nursing diagnosis. For example, behavior shift strategies are employed when the
nurse finds out that overeating or overeating are the etiological factors for childhood obesity.
Individuals are motivated to self-monitor their risks for Obesity and get attached to meal
replacements (Tsai et al., 2017). The community usually views the obese as lazy, unattractive,
and awkward, which CHN should dismiss and encourage the parents to improve the wellness of
their obese children.
Screening and Early Detection
Basal Metabolic Index is the recommended test for childhood obesity. , children above
six years are supposed to be screened. The BMI calculation requires the weight and height for
the screening, which has an unspecific procedure duration. CHN should calculate the BMI for
the children and determine their health status that will assist in early interventions employment
(Mageloff, 2019). The pediatric population should be put under therapies for weight loss to avoid
other related complications in the future. Cardiovascular disorders such as Deep vein thrombosis
and chronic conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus results from long-term Obesity. Timely
screening children on their BMI is critical in adjusting their behavior and encouraging healthy
practices.
Clinical decisions are made based on the early detection of childhood obesity, and
interventions will be constructed to ensure good health achievement. Children who are obese are
associated with bullying based on their body sizes and shapes; this negatively affects their
psychology and result in low self-esteem and poor grades in school. Early detection is essential
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since childhood obesity is directly associated with adult obesity. Screening is usually conducted
when children visit healthcare facilities for immunization or other health services (Helseth et al.,
2017). CHN should employ nursing interventions that will contribute to achieving an average
healthy weight. There are racial or genetic differences in Obesity that CHN should prioritize for
children who are obese.
Medications and Weight Loss Programs
Children who have been at high risk of Obesity in the U.S.A require weight loss
programs adherence. Unhealthy weight is associated with social isolation and depression and can
further affect the child's health (Whitehead et al., 2021). The program encourages children to eat
foods rich in whole grains and lean proteins. Children should be practiced the ''eat rainbow''
approach where half their plate is fruits or vegetables. Cardiovascular fitness is emphasized in
this approach and usually involves allowing children to move more. Children who exercise often
are stress-free, and their cognitive functioning is excellent. Children are associated with the
consumption of more sugars, and therefore the weight loss program should involve cutting down
sugars in their diets through the low caloric intake (Tsai et al., 2017). Flavored milk and juice
drinks should be avoided. Reducing screen time is part of the weight loss program, and the
parents are responsible for turning screens off before bedtimes and avoiding screen watching
during meals. The program's goals should be specific and achievable. Good sleep is necessary
for the prevention or treatment of Obesity. Few sleep hours should be avoided since they are
associated with inactiveness and overeating.
Treatment for Obesity depends on the child's age and underlying medical conditions. In a
case where Obesity is impossible to be treated with behavioral modifications, weight-loss
surgery and medications are the other options. Children over two years who are overweight
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should adhere to the weight-loss program where they are supposed to maintain or reduce their
weight as they grow. When calculated with added height inches, the constant or dropped weight
will reduce BMI (Helseth et al., 2017). Children should aim at weight loss of about one pound
per month, which is achieved through healthy diets. In severe Obesity, surgery is done to lower
the BMI, although it should be supplemented with the primary interventions; physical activity
engagement and more nutritional food selections.
Conclusion
Childhood obesity should be prevented for good health. Nurses are critical healthcare
providers who have the duty of educating the parents on the appropriate diets, the need for
physical activity, and monitoring the food proportions of their children.
15
References
Helseth, S., Riiser, K., Holmberg Fagerlund, B., Misvær, N., & Glavin, K. (2017). Implementing
guidelines for preventing, identifying, and treating adolescent overweight and
obesity—School nurses' perceptions of the challenges involved. Journal of clinical
nursing, 26(23-24), 4716-4725.
Mageloff, G. N. (2019). The Effect of Nursing Interventions and Health Promotion on Childhood
Obesity: A Literature Review.
Tsai, T. I., Luck, L., Jefferies, D., & Wilkes, L. (2017). Exploring nurses’ knowledge and
attitudes about children who are overweight/obese: A review of the literature. Clinical
Nursing Studies, 50-56.
Whitehead, L., Kabdebo, I., Dunham, M., Quinn, R., Hummelshoj, J., George, C., &
Denney‐Wilson, E. (2021). The effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions to prevent
childhood and adolescent overweight and Obesity: A systematic review of randomized
trials. Journal of Advanced Nursing.
16
Exam Two
Question One
Planning and Implementing a Seminar or Workshop for Health Promotion
Introduction
The nursing process is dynamic and globally employed by nurses in their scope of
practice. The uniformity of the nursing process is dependable in improving patient management
within healthcare settings (Whitehead, 2018). Nurses utilize the nursing process to construct a
care plan that keeps track of the clients' progress and offers the necessary nursing interventions.
The process is employed in health promotion to achieve the highest level of wellness among the
patients. It is the responsibility of the nurses to adhere to the process for better nursing services.
Five steps make up the nursing process; Assessment, Nursing diagnosis, planning,
Implementation and evaluation. During the assessment, the nurses collect both subjective and
objective data utilized to generate the nursing diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the
patient's current situation, where the client is viewed from a holistic perspective. The diagnosis
involves the problem related to a particular etiology as manifested by a specific distinguishing
characteristic (Toney-Butler & Thayer, 2020). Planning and Implementation will be employed in
constructing a health promotion seminar.
Managing the Process
Health promotion should be well managed, and this involves the key stakeholders, the
community nurses, and the community members. There is allocation of the right resources to
facilitate the program during the Implementation. Quantitative and qualitative information
regarding D.M. in the population will be collected, analyzed, and a dependable decision will be
constructed based on the findings. Adequate time is allocated for conducting the process, and the
17
community nurses are at the frontline of ensuring that the process is successful (Choi & Yoo,
2021). The community nurse manages health promotion, highlighting the expected health
outcomes within the population. A couple of medical interventions are constructed based on the
nursing considerations and require the client to adhere for efficiency. Therapeutic interactions
are emphasized for quality health for the targeted population.
Planning Phase
The phase is involved with decision-making and problem solving that will be vital in
setting up the seminar for health promotion within the community. The issue to be addressed is
Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.) in the community that has increased in mortality rates in the U.S.A. in
recent years. The high number of D.M. requires good management that will be explored in the
planning phase of nursing practice.
Setting Priorities
D.M. is a chronic illness where the body cannot regulate the blood sugar levels within the
body. The health condition is common in older patients and is usually associated with
comorbidities (Teston et al., 2018). Planning for the seminar will involve considering the target
population that will participate, which will affect older individuals since they are at a higher risk
of becoming diabetic. Therefore, the language used during the seminar will be simple, and the
health promotion program will take a short time, around one hour for three days. This is because
the engaged population is old individuals whose physiological ability has decreased. The C.H.N.
should use an open forum approach and ask questions to involve the audience in the seminar
actively. Different critical topics within the D.M. will be discussed, including the cause,
management, and blood sugar monitoring techniques. Demonstrations will be used, and
brochures with detailed information on D.M. will be distributed to the audience to enable the
18
elderly to refer later since they are associated with amnesia. In the seminar, restoring electrolyte
balance and acid-base balance will be prioritized too.
Desired Outcomes
At the end of the seminar, various goals should be attained. The audience is expected to
acquire well-detailed information regarding the cause of Diabetes Mellitus, genetic factors, and
lifestyle contributions. The population should be aware of possible preventive measures,
including healthy nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation, and managing their blood sugar
levels. Types of diabetes, type I, type II, gestational, and prediabetes, should be informed to the
public (Teston et al., 2018). Delayed diagnosis of diabetes is sometimes fatal. Therefore, the
audience should be educated and understand the symptoms, including blurred vision, polyuria,
increased thirst, unexpected weight loss, and numbness in the hands.
The population should be informed on the associated complications of D.M., including
dementia, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Patients
with wounds will be facilitated to enhance wound healing, and homeostasis will be achieved
(Teston et al., 2018). The audience in the seminar should at least understand the two standard
blood glucose tests; fasting plasma glucose level done after eight hours of fasting and the random
plasma glucose test. Furthermore, the audience should use the blood glucose meter to check on
their blood sugar levels. The public should be aware of the possible treatment options such as
glinides, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and thiazolidinediones.
Selecting Nursing Interventions
The nurses' interventions will be clarified in the seminar for blood sugar management and
prevention, especially for the old population. The audience will be educated on home glucose
monitoring techniques, and the patient will be educated on how to manage shifts in their blood
19
sugar levels. The seminar should emphasize the foods that the glycemic patients should
consume, including low glycemic index and those with a high fever. The nurse should review
factors contributing to glucose instability for the population. For individuals where missing
meals or infections lead to blood glucose fluctuation, the nurses should provide remedies for the
predisposing factors. C.H.N. should emphasize to the clients to ensure their insulin medications
are viable and educate the patients on the working mechanism of the antidiabetic drugs. The
Community Health Nurse should instruct the population on the delivery method of insulin
injections and time for administration (Gorina, Limonero & Alvarez, 2018). The nurse ensures
the injection sites periodically to ensure the clients use the right places.
Implementation Phase
Reassessment of the Seminar’s Audience
Before implementing the nursing interventions, the C.H.N. reassesses the need for health
promotion on D.M. to the senior population in the planned seminar. There could be shifts and
better; therefore, the nurse who leads the workshop might be forced to adjust some information.
If there are interventions are valid, and the target population has no changes in their health
concerns, the nurse proceeds with the delivery of the health education to the public (Gorina,
Limonero & Alvarez, 2018). C.H.N. reviews expected outcomes and focus on improving health
quality in the most significant fraction of the audience. The plan adheres as stipulated in the
initial stages.
Determining Community Health Nurse Collaboration
Nurses should consider if they require assistance and involve some of their colleagues,
especially in this approach. During the seminar, it will be prudent to have other C.H.N.s who can
tackle audience questions, providing elaborations on appropriate blood sugar management to the
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public. During the Implementation, C.H.N.s collaborated to ensure the seminar goals were
achieved and detect any breaches in the health promotion since one man is an island (Whitehead,
2018). Collaboration empowers the nurses and prevents errors and inefficiencies for the
workshop.
Implementing the Interventions
Community health nurses during the seminar will elaborate on their nursing
interventions. Nurses utilize the possible resources of printed brochures to emphasize their health
message to the target population (Toney-Butler & Unison-Pace, 2018). During the seminar,
demonstrations are done on how to use the glucometer. The nurses physically show a
subcutaneous injection on the possible insulin injection sites at the anterior or posterior aspects
of buttocks, abdomen, thighs, and upper arm. The C.H.N. educates the population on their
nutritional requirements, need for physical activities, and elaborates on possible health outcomes.
The audience will be asked questions related to the presented health promotion message
delivered that will be used to analyze the program's success rate.
The audience will be provided time to ask questions for clarifications, and the seminar
will take place on the stipulated forty-five minutes for three days. Community Health Nurse
provides preventive measures such as advising the old population to avoid alcohol consumption
and quit smoking associated with the chronic illness. Community Health Nurse will supervise the
delegated care and health promotion goals (Toney-Butler & Unison-Pace, 2018). The nursing
activities are documented in the nursing notes, and the nurses evaluate the program to terminate
or revise it based on the outcomes.
Conclusion
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Planning and Implementation encompass the targets for the nursing interventions.
Evaluation is done to terminate when objectives are achieved or revise the process if goals aren't
met. Community Health Nurses should follow the nursing process for the effectiveness of the
planned seminar. The professionals should set priorities and target positive outcomes.
22
References
Choi, E., & Yoo, K. H. (2021). The influence of social support and health promotion behaviors
on nursing work performance among nurses. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of
Nursing Education, 27(3), 333-341.
Gorina, M., Limonero, J. T., & Alvarez, M. (2018). Effectiveness of primary healthcare
educational interventions undertaken by nurses to improve chronic disease management
in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia: A systematic
review. International journal of nursing studies, 86, 139-150.
Teston, E. F., Spigolon, D. N., Maran, E., Santos, A. D. L., Matsuda, L. M., & Marcon, S. S.
(2018). Nurses' perspective on health education in Diabetes Mellitus Care. Revista
brasileira de enfermagem, 71, 2735-2742.
Toney-Butler, T. J., & Thayer, J. M. (2020). Nursing process. Stat Pearls [Internet].
Toney-Butler, T. J., & Unison-Pace, W. J. (2018). Nursing admission assessment and
examination.
Whitehead, D. (2018). Exploring health promotion and health education in nursing. Nurs
Stand, 33(8), 38-44.
23
Question Two
Application of Nursing Practice in Health Promotion at Different Levels
The Individual and Family
Nurses play a significant role in health promotion by utilizing evidence-based research to
achieve high levels of wellness. The nurses are the catalysts through educating individual
patients on the risky behaviors to avoid. A nurse assists individual patients on medications,
especially semi-conscious and unconscious patients. It is the backbone of the nursing profession
to offer client-centered care. Nurses educate the individual and the family on the interventions
that will prevent obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, or obesity. Nurses usually consider
family as a pillar in achieving health by including them in the treatment process (Farasat Kish et
al., 2017). Nurses ensure proper ventilation, privacy, or confidentiality of an individual's health
condition and provide a suitable environment for healing for the patient, including a clean, safe,
and quiet environment. Nurses encourage family support for the patients and ensure that family
members are educated on avoiding unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and alcohol
consumption. For instance, smoking predisposes the family members at risk of developing
respiratory conditions such as Cancer.
Nurses have a huge role in ensuring that individuals meet their physiological needs under
nursing care. CHN provides oxygen therapy, assists patients in the elimination needs, and assist
the individuals in feeding. Nurses perform a detailed health assessment and construct nursing
diagnoses and care plans for their patients. Nurses keep records of their clients, administer
treatments, and monitor patients' vitals at intervals depending on their condition. Respecting
patients' rights and promoting healing is the role of the nurses in their scope of practice. The
nurse is the advocate, protecting the patient's legal rights (Farasat Kish et al., 2017). Observe
24
maleficence and confidentiality for their patients. Nurses provide primary prevention strategies
to the patients' families and offer consolation to family members of clients who pass away during
the period of nursing care.
Group, Organization, or Community
Community Health Nurses specifically work within the community settings to upgrade
the wellness of the members. The nurses organize community gatherings or seminars and
educate the members on the healthy behaviors they should adopt. The nurses are responsible for
improving the health awareness of the community members. Community Health Nurses identify
various groups in the society, such as drug addicts or prostitutes who are at the risk of spreading
Sexually Transmitted Infections. The professionals initiate the preventive measures of illnesses
by discouraging ill-health behaviors (Lubbers & Rossman, 2017). The population is involved in
various activities which could adversely affect their normal health. Nurses collaborate with the
community members to construct health-related policies. Safe drinking water and timely
immunizations are another role of nurses to assess the community's ability to achieve the target.
The CHN closely monitors groups such as maternal women and infants to ensure proper
nutrition.
Nurses are responsible for assessing and ensuring that all community members receive
equitable health services and adhere to reasonable hygiene standards. Nurses will institute health
and wellness programs to upgrade healthcare delivery within the community. The professionals
are involved in the recent studies to improve their evidence-based healthcare. The groups and
organizations access nurses' health care directly. The population is educated on making the right
health choices and promoting healthy living, emphasizing regular Cancer or obesity screening.
Nurses are recognizable caregivers who provide more community needs such as cultural,
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spiritual, and psychosocial. The CHNs used their critical thinking skills to decide on the correct
goals and expected outcomes within the community. The professionals are brilliant
communicators who understand effective communication techniques and involve patient charting
to keep records of the nursing interventions (Lubbers & Rossman, 2017). Ensures community
health needs are achieved through cohesive means where healthcare is well managed.
Hospital-Based Practice
Nurses work in various settings and assist their clients in recovering quickly. Nurses
build healthy relationships in mental hospitals. The nurse-patient relationship is usually
constructed during the assessment, and therefore the interaction is essential in achieving
wellness. Nurses, through education, encourage healthy behaviors and motivate their patients of
been ambassadors of teaching healthy practices. Nurses also have to recognize and treat
symptoms early among the patients. Psychotherapy is critical for patients with mental disorders.
The nurse utilizes the hospital resources to improve the wellness of people with mental health
conditions. Frequent monitoring of the patients is the nurses' duty to ensure that their body
physiology is expected and provide remedies if necessary (Delaney, Shattell & Johnson, 2017).
If the mental patient's condition worsens, the nurse immediately informs the physician.
Advocacy is prioritized in this population since most of the population is traumazed,
marginalized, or stigmatized.
The multidisciplinary team is constructed whereby the nurses acknowledge the
collaborative working among the population. The mental health nurses assess and plan the care
and generate interventions to improve the patient's wellness. Organizing workloads and visiting
parents at home. The professionals are usually part of the team that administers medication,
assesses treatment success, and arranges for patient's support by the family members (Delaney,
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Shattell & Johnson, 2017). Nurses usually record and update the patient care plans for their
mental patients. Nurses in the mental departments document any shifts in the patient's condition
and transcribe the physician's order. The nurses can gauge the psychiatric states of the patients
and determine the plan of care for the patients. Conducting psychoeducation is critical for both
the client and the family. Restraining and consoling unsettled patients is the nursing
responsibility to avoid bed falls or hospital absconding.
Clinical-Based Practice
Patient care and improving recovery is one nursing duty. Nurses are educators, advocates,
researchers, managers, and communicators. Nurses ensure their patients are in good bed
positioning and assist the patients in meeting their daily needs, especially hygiene and meals.
The rehabilitation nurse assists the clients with disabilities to achieve optimal medical care.
Patients who have been denied drug abuse such as alcohol or have been amputated a body part
require life adjustment, which the rehabilitation nurse facilitates. The nurse facilitates discharge
transition, coordinates and provides care to disabled individuals (Loft et al., 2019). Educating
clients on adjusting to their new lifestyle is the significant role of nurses, especially those who
are to quit smoking and were initially addicted. The rehabilitation nurse ensures that the patients
achieve independence and assist them in acknowledging the new changes. The family is
educated on how to handle the patient by the nurse for optimal well-being for a short time.
Nurses also have responsibilities in OPD, which include taking a well-detailed medical
history. The professionals are obliged to adhere to their codes of ethics and professionalism.
Nurses utilize models in determining their care plans. Nursing is an art and science. The history
comprises biographic data, chief complaint, history of present illness, past medical history,
family, social and cultural history, environmental and review of systems. The nurse will
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collaborate with colleagues to plan care, monitor the client's vitals, and administer medications
(Loft et al., 2019). The nurse is responsible for operating the medical equipment and performing
nursing diagnoses to generate a care plan for their clients.
Counselling Centers
Nurses are critical health professionals who facilitate counseling to individuals using the
necessary skills. The professionals are required to be aware of the clients' challenges, be
empathetic and respect the beliefs of their clients (Corsini, 2017). Active listening and
therapeutic responses are accommodated during counseling sessions for nurses. Nurses can
counsel traumatized individuals or those stigmatized by testing positive for HIV/AIDS or other
terminal illnesses such as Cancer. Counseling promotes psychological health that is important in
the wellness of the clients. Community nurses have the duty of helping the mourning and clients
with special needs to adjust in their lives. The nurses ensure that the individuals regain their
personal and social roles in the most appropriate manner (Corsini, 2017). A person-centered
approach is utilized where confidentiality and respect for the client are considered. Nurses are
privileged to understand the patients better since they spend more time with them, know their
needs, and understand their psychology better.
Conclusion
Community Health nurses have a variety of roles based on the population they are
serving. The professionals are educators, healthcare providers, advocates, and researchers within
the healthcare settings. Nurses should uphold their duties to achieve quality health within the
various groups in the population.
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References
Corsini, R. I. (2017). Role-playing in psychotherapy. Routledge.
Delaney, K. R., Shattell, M., & Johnson, M. E. (2017). Capturing the interpersonal process of
psychiatric nurses: An engagement model. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 31(6), 634-
640.
Farasat Kish, R., Ziaei Fard, M., Bakhshandeh, H., & Khalaf Zad, A. (2017). Evaluation of
patients' family members' perceptions of the roles of nurses in intensive care units in
Shahid Rajaee Educational, Research and Therapeutic Center. Pajouhan Scientific
Journal, 16(1), 56-64.
Loft, M. I., Martinsen, B., Esbensen, B. A., Mathiesen, L. L., Iversen, H. K., & Poulsen, I.
(2019). Call for human contact and support: an interview study exploring patients’
experiences with inpatient stroke rehabilitation and their perception of nurses’ and nurse
assistants’ roles and functions. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(4), 396-404.
Lubbers, J., & Rossman, C. (2017). Satisfaction and self-confidence with clinical nursing
simulation: Novice learners, medium-fidelity, and community settings. Nurse Education
Today, 48, 140-144.